Mohammad T. Mohammad; Hakim H. Rashid
Volume 23, Issue 4 , December 2023, Pages 1-12
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out in the experimental field of Technical College of Agriculture, University of Halabja, in 2022 summer season to determine correlation coefficient and path analysis results for yield and its components in cowpea. Twenty-eight genotypes of cowpea used in the Completely ...
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The present investigation was carried out in the experimental field of Technical College of Agriculture, University of Halabja, in 2022 summer season to determine correlation coefficient and path analysis results for yield and its components in cowpea. Twenty-eight genotypes of cowpea used in the Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) in three replicates to evaluate ten quantitative characters included pods yield /plant, number of pods /plant, pod length, the number of seeds /pod, the number of branches /plant, 100 grains weight, plant height, average harvest duration, grain index and grain yield /plant. Among the studied traits, pods yield /plant, pod length, the number of pods /plant, 100 grains weight, number of branches /plant, the plant height and average harvest duration showed highly significant and positively association to grain yield /plant with 0.922, 0.432, 0.787, 0.394, 0.309, 0.515 and 0.560 respectively. Pods yield /plant, with 0.785 recorded the highest value of positive direct effect on the grain yield, and followed by the character number of pods /plant with 0.142. The characters number of brunches /plant with -0.060 showed the maximum negative value of direct effect in total grain yield. The pods yield /plant via the number of pods per plant confirmed the highest value of positive indirect effect with 0.654, and the pods yield /plant via the average harvest duration followed it with the value of 0.484. The highest value of negative indirect effect was -0.033 recorded by the average harvest duration via the character number of brunches /plant. The results of those character association work aid in understanding how various characters contribute to overall yield, breeders can use this knowledge to increase yield by increasing yield-contributing traits directly or indirectly.
Omer A. Abdalla; Mohammed W. Saeed
Volume 23, Issue 4 , December 2023, Pages 13-25
Abstract
Colorimetric films sensor based on wheat gliadin with natural dyes (including anthocyanin, chlorophyll, and beta carotene), glucose oxidase, alpha amylase /starch / were created and for real-time monitoring cake formula rancidity reaction is described in this study. The addition Glucose oxidase enzyme ...
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Colorimetric films sensor based on wheat gliadin with natural dyes (including anthocyanin, chlorophyll, and beta carotene), glucose oxidase, alpha amylase /starch / were created and for real-time monitoring cake formula rancidity reaction is described in this study. The addition Glucose oxidase enzyme 0.9% (activity270U/0.09g), 0.9% (117U/0.09g) of α-Amylase, and 5% of natural extracted pigments and concentration 1:0.1 of Gliadin/ glycerol composition films and starch greatly raised sensitivity the reaction of films to rancidity. The mixture of enzymes and substrate has a great impact on changing the intensity of color films. In addition, when the color attributes of the active film are examined, it is discovered that the color of the chlorophyll film changes (from green to yellow) whereas, beta –carotene film from (yellow to pale yellow) and Anthocyanin film (alterated from red to brown) with increasing storage duration and oxidant percent, which can be utilized to detect the rancidity reaction of cake's fat. The absorbance at 494, 450, and 666 nm, respectively, demonstrated that the intensity of anthocyanin, beta-carotene, and chlorophyll color films was greatly reduced as a result of rancidity reaction in cake samples after 3 weeks of storage at room temperature 30-35˚C and 25-30% of relative humidity. Moreover, all treated samples showed a decrease in color pigment intensity compared to the control after 15 minutes of exposure to peroxide hydrogen addition (1 ppm), the lowest concentration at which films are susceptible to oxidation. Furthermore, after 4 weeks of storage, samples of cakes, odor turned rancid under the same ambient conditions, and the cake's fat's peroxide value increased dramatically, from 1.3 to 8 mEqO2/kg were approximately close to the maximum permissible limit in Codex regulations therefore color of film sensor was changed fully as a result of increasing peroxide value and rancidity.
Saif Imad Abd-AlAziz; karkaz M. Thalij; Mohamed Gh. Zakari
Volume 23, Issue 4 , December 2023, Pages 26-34
Abstract
The research aimed to prepare the nanoparticles of zinc, vitamin D3 and cysteine with selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs), and to determine the effect of each of them in inhibiting both the isolated Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food by estimating the minimum inhibitory concentration ...
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The research aimed to prepare the nanoparticles of zinc, vitamin D3 and cysteine with selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs), and to determine the effect of each of them in inhibiting both the isolated Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food by estimating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and well with Kerbey method. The results showed that the conjugations of zinc, vitamin D3 and cysteine with se-NPs were more effective in bacterial inhibition compared to inhibition of Se-NPs alone. The MIC of Se-NPs alone or in combination with Zn, D3 or Cysteine against both species of bacteria was appeared at 1% and above. The diameter of the inhibition zone to concentrate 25% from nanoparticles against E.coli bacteria was between 26 to 30 mm and against Staph. aureus was appeared between 17 to 22 mm.
Thaaer Abdullah Khaleel; Dhafer S. Abdullah; Hadeel A. Omear
Volume 23, Issue 4 , December 2023, Pages 35-42
Abstract
The research was conducted at the Khalis cows station in Al-Khalis district - Diyala Governorate and the central laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture - University of Tikrit for the period from 13/12/2020 to 1/2/2022, a sample of 63 Holstein cows, with the aim of extracting the genetic ...
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The research was conducted at the Khalis cows station in Al-Khalis district - Diyala Governorate and the central laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture - University of Tikrit for the period from 13/12/2020 to 1/2/2022, a sample of 63 Holstein cows, with the aim of extracting the genetic material and determining the genetic polymorphism of the SCD1 gene and its relationship to reproductive traits in Holstein cows, studying the percentage of distribution of genetic structures in the cows that were studied, the allele frequency and calculating the value of chi-square (χ2) were determined. The genotypes frequencies for the SCD1 gene in the studied cow samples were 47.62, 46.03 and 6.35% for AA, AV and VV genotypes respectively. The value of the chi-square (χ2) was highly significant (P < 0.01). The frequency of allele A and V were 0.71 and 0.29 respectively. Some reproductive traits were significantly affected by the different genotypes of the SCD1 gene. Cows with the genotype AA achieved the highest Days Open (106.70 ± 5.84 days), while the genotypes VV and AV were 105.93 ± 14.25 and 92.82 ± 5.89 days respectively. The cows with AA genotype was the highest calving interval (389.77 ± 5.90 days), while the cows of the VV and AV genotypes reached 386.75 ± 14.39 and 374.27 ± 5.96 days respectively. It can be concluded by studying the genetic polymorphism of the SCD1 gene that it is possible to improve the reproductive traits in cows. We also recommend applying the study to a larger sample for several seasons and different locations of the gene, while studying more economic characteristics to give more accurate results for the application of the selection and exclusion strategy.
Dastan Sdiq Ali; Dunia Salman Khalaf
Volume 23, Issue 4 , December 2023, Pages 43-57
Abstract
The aim of this research is to study the effect of herbs extracts (Mint, Dill, Tarragon and the combination of these herbs) supplementation on the chemical composition, antioxidant activities, rheological and sensory properties of local soft cheese (Paneeri Salik) during three weeks of storage. The addition ...
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The aim of this research is to study the effect of herbs extracts (Mint, Dill, Tarragon and the combination of these herbs) supplementation on the chemical composition, antioxidant activities, rheological and sensory properties of local soft cheese (Paneeri Salik) during three weeks of storage. The addition ratio of herb extract was 6.5 % v/w for each cheese treatment then compared with the control cheese treatment. Only the moisture percentage was significantly different at level (p<0.05) in the cheese treatments which contain herbs from the control treatment, the herbs cheese moisture decreased in three weeks whereas the other chemical properties (Fat, Protein, Carbohydrate, Ash and Acidity) were not significantly different . Mint, Dill, Tarragon and mix herbs supplementation increased scavenging of free radicals and enhanced the antioxidant properties of Salik cheese, the DPPH were (79.85, 94.88, 90.52, 97.33, 99.18)% in each of (Control, Mint, Dill, Tarragon, and mix herbs) respectively in the first week then were decreased to ( 87.10, 83.62, 87.51, 83.46)% in the (Mint, Dill, Tarragon, and Mix herbs) compared to control which became 98.81% in the third week of storage. The herbs affected the hardness of cheese, which increased by increasing the storage periods. Sensory evaluation was acceptable especially in mint cheese but a few decreases in flavor were detected in the cheeses treated with herbs mix and Tarragon after three weeks of storage.
Suaad Muhammad Sheikh Abdulla; Dana Azad Abulkhaleq; Sherwan Ismail Towfiq
Volume 23, Issue 4 , December 2023, Pages 58-73
Abstract
In this study, the hybridizations were done using partial diallel mating design in spring season 2020 at Qlyasan location to complete the procedure of this experiment, which conducted during spring season 2021 at two different locations in Sulaimani Governorate, Qlyasan and Kanipanka Using randomized ...
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In this study, the hybridizations were done using partial diallel mating design in spring season 2020 at Qlyasan location to complete the procedure of this experiment, which conducted during spring season 2021 at two different locations in Sulaimani Governorate, Qlyasan and Kanipanka Using randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replication. Eight pure lines of maize and their partial cross-hybrids were used by adopting a sample of three crosses for each line (MGW 16, NADH 102, NADH 704, NADH 706, NADH 52, ZY 52, NADH 905, MSI 4279). All genotypes (8 parents + 12 F1s hybrids) were prepared to chemical analysis for estimating oil%, protein% and fatty acids (Palmitic, Stearic, Linolic, Oleic, Linolenic and Oil). The results summarized as follow: The analysis of variance revealed that the mean square due to crosses and gca was highly significant for all studied traits, while for sca it was highly significant for most traits at both locations. The mean square due to the parents were highly significant for most studied traits. The cross NADH 52 × MSI 4279 and parent MSI 4279 showed gave highest means values for all traits. positive heterosis% for all traits was observed. The cross NADH 52 × MSI 4279 showed the highest heterosis% for all traits at both locations. The contribution of additive and non-additive gene effect was important in the inheritance of these traits at Qlyasan location, while at the Kani panka location the contribution of additive gene effect was more than non-additive gene effect for all traits. Highly significant correlation was recorded between each pair of fatty acids at both locations, but kernel yield recorded significant correlation with linolic and oleic acids at Kanipanka location only.
Hudhayfa I. Al-Alwani; Noor J. Fadhil; Saad I. Yousif
Volume 23, Issue 4 , December 2023, Pages 74-84
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to learn more about the chemical make-up of various grains and to analyze the chemical compositions, fatty acids, and antioxidant content of biscuits made with varying amounts of sesame and flax flour (0, 10, 20, and 25% replacement ratios). The chemical composition ...
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The purpose of this investigation was to learn more about the chemical make-up of various grains and to analyze the chemical compositions, fatty acids, and antioxidant content of biscuits made with varying amounts of sesame and flax flour (0, 10, 20, and 25% replacement ratios). The chemical composition of the biscuits created by substituting sesame flour and flax indicated that the moisture content in all samples was between 5.90 and 6.33%, although the findings showed a disparity in the percentage of moisture for the various biscuit kinds. The proportion of ash increased dramatically with the replacement rates, from 1.33 to 1.70%. The BS25% treatment had the greatest protein concentration, at 14.43%. As the rate of replacement increased, a corresponding rise in protein content was seen. There was also a correlation between the replacement rates for the treatments investigated and the proportion of fats, with the highest percentage of fats being 10.33%. The BS20% treatment had the greatest fiber percentage (12.20%). The highest carbohydrate percentages (55.10-68.33%) suggested a decreasing carbohydrate ratio when replacement rates were increased. The outcomes also demonstrated that both essential and non-essential fatty acids were present in all types of grains studied. Finally, the highest proportion of antioxidants, which reached 58%, was recorded with the biscuits without any substitutes.
Sanaa Hama Gharib Faraj; Kamal Hama Karim; Razan Omar Ali
Volume 23, Issue 4 , December 2023, Pages 85-94
Abstract
There are several methods for determining the determination of soil available phosphorous. These methods require many chemicals and different devices, and determining soil available phosphorous in the laboratory is difficult, time-consuming, and costly. Consequently, pedotransfer functions more suitable ...
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There are several methods for determining the determination of soil available phosphorous. These methods require many chemicals and different devices, and determining soil available phosphorous in the laboratory is difficult, time-consuming, and costly. Consequently, pedotransfer functions more suitable and economical were used to predict the soil available phosphorous(AP) from soil organic carbon (OC). To predict soil available phosphorous (AP) from soil organic carbon (OC), five models were utilized, including exponential, linear, logarithmic, polynomial, and power models. Soil AP was predicted as a function of soil OC. The soil AP determined by laboratory tests was compared with the predicted soil AP based on the AP-soil OC model using the Bland-Altman method. The 95% limits of agreement for comparison of soil AP were determined with laboratory tests, and the soil AP pedotransfer function was computed at -1.707 and 1.542 mg kg -1. The mean soil AP difference between the two methods was - 0.083 mg kg -1. The polynomial model (AP = 38.173 - 4.462 x OC+ 0.146 x OC2) is given the best fit to predict soil available phosphorus, due to its high R2 (0.868) and low RMSE (0.846).
Chia Omer Othman; Zaid Khalaf Khidhir; Eman Dhahir Arif
Volume 23, Issue 4 , December 2023, Pages 95-106
Abstract
Because of their toxicity, when present in concentrations beyond the allowable limit, heavy metals in our environment have been a source of great concern. These metals are released into the environment in a variety of ways that favor consumption, such as through industrial processes. Fish are the most ...
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Because of their toxicity, when present in concentrations beyond the allowable limit, heavy metals in our environment have been a source of great concern. These metals are released into the environment in a variety of ways that favor consumption, such as through industrial processes. Fish are the most popular type of seafood. This study's purpose was to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Co) in the muscles of Cyprinus carpio from three distinct areas of Dukan Lake (the center of Dukan Lake, Ranya, and Qaladze) of Sulaimani province. The mean values of the elements examined in fish muscles were measured in the descending sequence of Cu > Pb > Cd > Ni > Co. All the discovered heavy metals were within the permitted FAO levels, except for cadmium, whose value (0.136 ppm) was higher than the 0.05 ppm threshold set by the European Union and government (EC, 2006). In conclusion, consuming such fish poses no dangers to humans based on detected amounts of targeted heavy metals except cadmium. The concentration of Co is affected by the location, sex, and season of fish captured, while the concentration of Cu and Ni are affected by fish sex.
Nawal K. Shokry; Mahbuba A. Mustafa
Volume 23, Issue 4 , December 2023, Pages 107-116
Abstract
This study was conducted to under seek the incidence of some neurotransmitters in drinking water and native medicinal flowers (Alecea Kurdica – Gule Hero and Chamomile) flowers as diet additives on body growth and immune of broiler. 720 one day unsexed hatched chicks will distributed into 12 treatments, ...
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This study was conducted to under seek the incidence of some neurotransmitters in drinking water and native medicinal flowers (Alecea Kurdica – Gule Hero and Chamomile) flowers as diet additives on body growth and immune of broiler. 720 one day unsexed hatched chicks will distributed into 12 treatments, each treatment with three replicates (20 chicks), as following: T0 (control -standard diet), [T1 (0.2 g Endorphin), T2 (0.2 g Dopamine) and T3 (0.2 g Serotonin)/ L drinking water], [T4 )0.5 kg Hero flower) and T5) 0.5 kg Chamomile flower)/ 100 kg diet], T6 )0.2 g Endorphin+0.5 kg Hero flower(, T7 (0.2 g Dopamine+0.5 kg Hero flower(, T8 )0.2 g Serotonin+ 0.5 kg Hero flower(, T9 (0.2 g Endorphin+0.5 kg Chamomile flower), T10 (0.2 g/ Dopamine+0.5 kg Chamomile flower), T11= 0.2 g/ L Serotonin/ L drinking water + 0.5 kg Chamomile flower/ 100 kg diet. The addition of neurotransmitters and native flowers additives as immune modulator had significantly affected on body weight, body weight gain and production index and led to to significant increase (P≤ 0.01) in relative weights of spleen, Bursa of fabricius, Thymus and antibodies titer against ND and IB diseases, also decreased the stress ratio which represented by heterophil/ lymphocyte (H/L) especially in T3 and T11.
Abbas_Abd Altamimi; Usraa T. Bakr
Volume 23, Issue 4 , December 2023, Pages 117-135
Abstract
Abstract:In this research, an economic analysis it conducted for a sample of orchards producing grapes in Diyala Governorate - Iraq for the production season 2020-2021. Through a questionnaire conducted with (141) producers, the multivariate production function was estimated. Including quantities of ...
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Abstract:In this research, an economic analysis it conducted for a sample of orchards producing grapes in Diyala Governorate - Iraq for the production season 2020-2021. Through a questionnaire conducted with (141) producers, the multivariate production function was estimated. Including quantities of chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers, the amount of control pesticide, the number of labor hours per dunum, the number of irrigation hours per dunum, as well as the number of regenerated trees during the productive season are independent factors. While productivity is a dependent factor. The optimal quantities of the productive factors included in the estimated model it reached. Including the optimal size of the productivity of a dunum, which amounted to (4734.5) K. g. Which it achieved by approving the budget constraint of (553) thousand dinars / dunum, the specialized efficiency of the productive factors it also measured, and the amount of surplus and the amount of deficit it measured for each productive factor included in the estimated model. It recommended applying the optimal combination of the productive factors to achieve the optimal size of dunum productivity, as well as to educate the producers in order to achieve the specialized efficiency of the productive factors.
Ahmed S. Mohiuddin; Mohammed J. Mohammed; Mohammed A. Jassim
Volume 23, Issue 4 , December 2023, Pages 136-146
Abstract
This study was conducted on the creation of the nanopolitan manganese particles and the study of the physiological effect of the nanopolitan magnes.The results or indicators of blood sugar showed the confirmation of low levels of sugar in the group of diabetes treatment by giving oral throughout the ...
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This study was conducted on the creation of the nanopolitan manganese particles and the study of the physiological effect of the nanopolitan magnes.The results or indicators of blood sugar showed the confirmation of low levels of sugar in the group of diabetes treatment by giving oral throughout the experiment period (28 days. In addition to the high percentage of insulin in the affected group and the treatment of Mn-NPs compared to the affected (positive) control group during the study period. The current study aimed to achieve preventive effects against diabetes. It turned out that eating the nanoparticles and within the permissible concentration 2 mg /kg per day reduces blood sugar and contributes to losing weight, as its consumption is related to a decrease in the risk of type 2 diabetes and reduces the level Blood Glucose in Adult Male Rats.
Faraidun Ahmad; Ibrahim M. Noori
Volume 23, Issue 4 , December 2023, Pages 147-175
Abstract
The fig (Ficus carica L.) is a fruit tree that is important in the Mediterranean region, and thus genetic improvement has become an important field of research for better crops, with information on this species, particularly its genetic variability correlated to morphological traits of figs, for this ...
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The fig (Ficus carica L.) is a fruit tree that is important in the Mediterranean region, and thus genetic improvement has become an important field of research for better crops, with information on this species, particularly its genetic variability correlated to morphological traits of figs, for this purpose, the cultivars and wild types distributed in Sulaymaniyah province were investigated. Samples from 66 fig accessions were collected, 15 primers for ISSR markers were used to describe genetic variation, with 12 morphological traits. Analysis of variance recorded highly significant differences concerning plant morphological and pomological traits in addition to genetic diversity. The highest values for shoot length (79.959 cm), internode diameter (15.563 mm), leaf length (28.183 cm), leaf width (28.480 cm), leaf petiole length (13.397 cm) and leaf petiole diameter (18.360 mm) recorded in AC17, AC41, AC20, AC20, AC17 and AC24, respectively. However, the lowest values (11.120 cm, 4.340 mm, 10.910 cm, 9.813 cm, 3.987 cm and 2.323 mm) for the mentioned traits were recorded in AC14, AC12, AC12, AC12, AC37 and AC52, respectively. The highest values for fruit weight (63.447 g), fruit length (46.960 mm), fruit thickness (60.420 mm), fruit stalk length (29.887 mm), fruit stalk diameter (10.433 mm) and ostiole diameter (8.717 mm) were given by AC03, AC22, AC54, AC58, AC58 and AC14, successively. Whereas the lowest values (4.483 g, 14.770 mm, 18.497 mm, 2.373 mm, 2.533 mm and 2.557 mm) were observed in AC37, AC37, AC12, AC08, AC25 and AC30, successively. The first two principal components analysis (PCA) described 49.15% of the total quality variance. ISSR marker produced 197 polymorphic bands. The genetic diversities ranged as (0.883 to 0.980) and polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged as (0.878 to 0.979), with 100% polymorphism levels. The fig accessions classified into 10 clusters by dendrongram created by ward method. The results indicated that natural fig populations in this region provide a rich genetic resource for fig germplasms, and significant genetic variation across accessions originating from different populations, as well as the marker was informative for genetic variability detection in the collections. The findings of this study could support in the conservation and further utilization of fig germplasm.
Omer Alsharqi; Ahmed. H. Anees
Volume 23, Issue 4 , December 2023, Pages 176-191
Abstract
Abstract. The study targets to know the genetic Distance of fifteen genotypes of six-row barley (Ibaa99 , Alhadar , Alkheer , Alwarkaa , Buraq , Amal , Shuaa , Rehan , Samir , Arevate , Acsad1811 , Acsad1816 , Acsad1818 , Acsad1827 , Acsad1840 ) Based on the RAPD technique using fifteen primers, The ...
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Abstract. The study targets to know the genetic Distance of fifteen genotypes of six-row barley (Ibaa99 , Alhadar , Alkheer , Alwarkaa , Buraq , Amal , Shuaa , Rehan , Samir , Arevate , Acsad1811 , Acsad1816 , Acsad1818 , Acsad1827 , Acsad1840 ) Based on the RAPD technique using fifteen primers, The primers used produced 111 band, including 94 band for variant alleles, with a rate of 84.68%, The molecular weights of the prefixes ranged between 200-2000 bp,. The primer OPB-14 gave the highest number of variant sites, reaching 10 bands, and a high discriminatory ability of the primer, which amounted to 10.64, the highest percentage of variant alleles in the primers (OP B-14, OP C-08, OP D-03, OP D-18, and OP F-05) was (100%), and the primer OP C-16 gave the highest efficiency of 11.209. The genetic divergence values showed that the largest genetic divergence was between the Alkheer cultivar and the Acsad1840 genotype (49.00), while the least genetic divergence was between the two genotypes Acsad1818 and Acsad1827, with a value of (9.00), In addition, the results of the kinship tree analysis of the genotypes were divided into two main groups, where Ibaa99 were in the first main group, while the other genotypes were in the second main group. From the results obtained, it is possible to rely on genetically divergent structures in breeding programs by introducing them into crosses with other varieties to obtain good productive characteristics.
Najlaa Madlul; Hadeel F. Hameed; Tasnim S. Yaseen; Muhammad A. Sulaiman
Volume 23, Issue 4 , December 2023, Pages 192-207
Abstract
This manuscript aims to identify the relative importance of monetary and fiscal policies on the value of agricultural investment in Iraq, using Vector Error Correction Model [VECM], the impulse response function [IFC], and analysis of variance [VDCs] and applying it using quarterly data for the period ...
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This manuscript aims to identify the relative importance of monetary and fiscal policies on the value of agricultural investment in Iraq, using Vector Error Correction Model [VECM], the impulse response function [IFC], and analysis of variance [VDCs] and applying it using quarterly data for the period 2004q1-2020q4, the most important results that the fiscal and monetary policy in Iraq has a crucial role for agricultural investment as the main tool through which the country's oil wealth is transformed into economic results and distributed for the benefit of its population, but the volatility of oil revenues poses a challenge to fiscal policy in preventing the transformation of revenue volatility into fluctuations in public spending that could Destabilize the economy and reduce the efficiency of government spending, the research recommended :Diversifying the base of the Iraqi economy, which depends mainly at the present time on oil revenues, and creating an economy characterized by a gradual increase in the proportions of the contribution of other economic sectors in the formation of the gross domestic product, especially the agricultural sector, which adds cumulative values to the gross domestic product and constitutes a variety of financing sources for the budget and adopting early warning programs in the agricultural sector to respond to the problems resulting from these shocks at the lowest economic cost.
Yahya Abd Almunim Abd Sabri; Alwand Tahir Rashid Dizayee
Volume 23, Issue 4 , December 2023, Pages 208-221
Abstract
This experiment was conducted during the spring growing season of 2020 conducted in the field at the Grdarasha farm field of Agricultural Engineering College, Salahaddin University in Erbil, located in the south of Erbil city, Latitude: 36.11284 N, Longitude: 44.01247 E. The soil texture class was silty ...
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This experiment was conducted during the spring growing season of 2020 conducted in the field at the Grdarasha farm field of Agricultural Engineering College, Salahaddin University in Erbil, located in the south of Erbil city, Latitude: 36.11284 N, Longitude: 44.01247 E. The soil texture class was silty clay loam, the type of soil vertisols, to study the effect of four levels of phosphorus TSP (0, 20, 40, 60) Kg P. ha-1,Three levels of K (0, 15, 30) Kg K. ha-1, and Three levels of N (0, 15, 30) Kg N. ha-1. There combination of yield components and nutrient balance of chickpea plants by using DRIS methodology, by using; split split block design with three factors (N, P, and K) 36 treatment with 3 replicates was used. The main results could be summarized as The combination between Nain plot potassium, Sub main plot nitrogen, and Sub sub main plot phosphorus levels affected the yield of the chickpea plant significant also the maximum yield was recorded in treatment combination (K2N1P2) was (1.55Mg ha-1). Whereas the lowest mean value (0.73Mg ha-1) was recorded from the treatment combination (K0N0P0). The combined effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on nutrient balance indices (NBI) and yield in chickpea plants. The lowest nutrient balance index was recorded from the treatment combination (K2N1P2).
