Avan Abdullah; Jwan Rafaat
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March 2020, Pages 20-37
Abstract
This study was carried out at two locations in Sulaimani governorate, Qlyasan and Kanipanka, during the winter season of 2017-2018 to evaluate the response of four lines of Grass pea Lathyrus sativus (IF 003, IF 133, IF 102, IF 067) lines and four seeding rates (80kg/h, 100kg/h, 120kg/h, 140kg/h). The ...
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This study was carried out at two locations in Sulaimani governorate, Qlyasan and Kanipanka, during the winter season of 2017-2018 to evaluate the response of four lines of Grass pea Lathyrus sativus (IF 003, IF 133, IF 102, IF 067) lines and four seeding rates (80kg/h, 100kg/h, 120kg/h, 140kg/h). The experiment was conducted at (December 5th /2018) in Kanipanka and (December 6th /2018) at Qlyasan. The design of factorial experiment RCBD with three replications was conducted. Means comparison was carried out by the least significant difference (L.S.D) at a significant level of 5%. The results confirmed that the grass pea lines, as the average of both locations there were highly significant differences among lines due to plant height, days to %50 flowering, leaf dry weight, and number of bacterial nodules/plant, but significant differences were observed for the character stem dry weight... It was noticed that the effect of locations on growth and forage characters for grass pea was highly significant for the days to maturity, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf stem ratio and number of bacterial nodules/plant, while it was significant for the character plant height. It was indicated that the second location recorded the highest value for plant height, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf stem ratio and number of bacterial nodules/plant with 60.080cm, 1.970g, 1.850g, 2.600 and 16.390 respectively. At the average of both locations there were differences highly significant among lines due to days to maturity, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf stem ratio and number of bacterial nodules/plant. Line number IF067 produced the highest value for days to maturity and stem dry weight and number of bacterial nodules/plant with 155.6 days, 4.990 g and 14.27 respectively. The effect of seeding rate on seed yield and it is components for grass pea at the average of both locations and there was highly significant for the number of pod/plant, seed yield, biological yield, and harvest index significant for 100 seed weight. As the average of both locations using 140 kg/h seeds produced maximum values for the most characters.
Kamal Karim; Shuela Sheikh-Abdullah; Sairan Ali
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March 2020, Pages 1-9
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate copper release kinetic in five calcareous soils includes (Sharazor, Qaradagh, Bazian, Mawat, and Surdash) at the Sulaimani governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan – region. The highest amount of Cu release during 48 hours was least in soil Qaradagh (0.75mg kg -1). While Soil ...
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This study was conducted to estimate copper release kinetic in five calcareous soils includes (Sharazor, Qaradagh, Bazian, Mawat, and Surdash) at the Sulaimani governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan – region. The highest amount of Cu release during 48 hours was least in soil Qaradagh (0.75mg kg -1). While Soil Mawat exhibited the highest release (2.272mg kg-1). The value of diffusion rate constant (kp) from parabolic diffusion varied from 0.123 to 0.321 with a mean of (0.221). The initial Cu release constant (αs) and Cu release rate coefficient ( βs ) from simple Elovich model, ranged from 0.42 to 1.164 with a mean of 0.6856, and from 2.197 to 5.952 with a mean of 3.6918. While the values of the rate constant (a and b) from the power function model with the mean were (0.249 and 0.605) respectively varied widely with the five soil. The parabolic diffusion was the best-fitted model used to describe Cu release process very well in the studied soils.
Basheer . Al Nuaimi; Saad Al Rijabo
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March 2020, Pages 10-19
Abstract
The field experiment was carried out in one of the agricultural fields in Nineveh Governorate for the agricultural season (2019) in the soil texture was a silty loam to study the performance of locally manufactured chisel plow shares at two levels of soil moisture and depths of tillage, the research ...
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The field experiment was carried out in one of the agricultural fields in Nineveh Governorate for the agricultural season (2019) in the soil texture was a silty loam to study the performance of locally manufactured chisel plow shares at two levels of soil moisture and depths of tillage, the research included studying soil moisture at two levels (13-15%) and (17-19%) and two depths of tillage are (12-14) cm and (15-17) cm and three types of shares are (conventional share, spearhead share and severed share) and there effect on some mechanical characteristics, including (drawbar power, percentage of slippage, fuel consumption) and volume of soil disturbed. The experiment was carried out according to the design of the randomized complete block design (RCBD) under) split-split block design) with three replication. The results of the statistical analysis showed the outperformed of the moisture content (13-15%) in obtaining the least drawbar power, the least slippage rate, fuel consumption and the highest soil disturbed volume, and outperformed the depth (12-14) cm in obtaining the least drawbar power, the least slippage rate and the least fuel consumption. While the depth outperformed (15-17) cm in obtaining the highest soil disturbed volume, and the severed share outperformed in obtaining the least drawbar power, the least slippage rate and the least fuel consumption, while the spearhead share outperformed in obtaining the highest soil disturbed volume, and achieved interaction The moisture content (13-15%) and depth (12-14) cm have the least drawbar power, slippage and fuel consumption, while achieving interaction between moisture content (13-15%) and depth (15-17) cm are the highest average soil disturbed volume, and the interaction between moisture content (13-15%), depth (12-14) cm and severed share has the least drawbar power and the least slippage and fuel consumption And achieved the moisture content (13-15%) and depth (15-17) cm with a spearhead share above the soil disturbed volume.
Media MohammedAmin; Sawsan Kanimarani
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March 2020, Pages 38-48
Abstract
The present study was accomplished to achieve the effect of Humic Acid (HA) spraying on the vegetative and calyxes yield characteristics of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. plants, during May ,22th to December, 31st, 2017, at (Girdarasha) open field, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Engineering ...
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The present study was accomplished to achieve the effect of Humic Acid (HA) spraying on the vegetative and calyxes yield characteristics of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. plants, during May ,22th to December, 31st, 2017, at (Girdarasha) open field, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Engineering Science College, Salahaddin University. Four levels of HA were sprayed (0, 1, 2, 3 g.l-1) at three frequencies (60, 75 and 90 days after sowing). The data were collected after (4, 8 and 12 weeks of last spraying) for vegetative and reproductive parameters: plant height (cm), number of branches, stem diameter (mm), days to 50% of plants flowering, flower diameter (mm), node sequence of 1st flower, number of fruits. plant-1 , fruit length (mm), fruit diameter (mm), fresh and dry weight of fruits. plant-1 (g) and fresh weight of calyxes. plant-1 (g). The obtained results revealed that all treatments of HA increased significantly both vegetative and reproductive parameters and shortened the number of days to flowering as compared with the control. The application of 2g.l-1 produced the tallest plants. Maximum numbers of branches were obtained from the treatment 3g.l-1 HA. The 2g.l-1 and 3g.l-1 treatments formed the thickest stems. Regarding the reproductive parameters; the highest values of fruit diameter, fruit length, fresh and dry weights of fruits. plant-1, fresh and dry weights of calyxes.plant-1 were recorded with the treatment 3g.l-1 after 8 weeks of the last treatment.
Mahbuba Mustafa; Seerwan Abdullah
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March 2020, Pages 49-57
Abstract
The present trial was conducted to investigate the effect of using bay leaf powder and its oil on male semen characteristics, female reproductive traits, plasma hormonal alteration and hatchability of local quails. The results were summarized the uses of different levels of bay leaf (Laurel nobilis ...
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The present trial was conducted to investigate the effect of using bay leaf powder and its oil on male semen characteristics, female reproductive traits, plasma hormonal alteration and hatchability of local quails. The results were summarized the uses of different levels of bay leaf (Laurel nobilis L.) and its oil as feed additives in quail diets were significantly (P≤0.05) higher in body weight, testis relative weight, gonadosomatic index, size area of cloaca gland, ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, mass motility, individual motility, live & normal morphology sperm, semen quality factor, seminal plasma testosterone and LH hormones in quail males. Also in females: egg production (H.D %), egg weight, egg mass, eggshell strength, normal eggs for hatching, fertility, hatching of fertile and total eggs, weight of hatched chicks, blood plasma of estrogen, LH and FSH hormones concentrations, also improved in FCR and H/L ratio. While, the results seemed significantly (P≤0.05) lower in dead sperm. Females in: cracked eggs, total dead embryos. Whereas there were non-significant differences among all treatment in males: mortality, left-right testicular weight ratio, testicular shape index, FSH hormone, also females in: feed Intake. From the results of bay leaf oil additives had positively effect on body performance, males and females' reproductive parameters, improved blood hormones and hatchability more effective than bay leaf powder
Dina Ali; Khanzad Jarjees; Rozhhalat Jarjees
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March 2020, Pages 58-67
Abstract
Dairy products is considered the most complete foodstuff that provide human with most of their vital needs. The aim of this study to evaluate some chemical parameters and bacteriological quality of traditional white soft cheese. Our finding indicates that, the pH ranged between 5.72 to 7.25 with an average ...
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Dairy products is considered the most complete foodstuff that provide human with most of their vital needs. The aim of this study to evaluate some chemical parameters and bacteriological quality of traditional white soft cheese. Our finding indicates that, the pH ranged between 5.72 to 7.25 with an average of 6.53, moisture percentage ranged between 37.76 % to 54.95 % with an average of 45.03%, fat percentage between 1.2 % to 4.3 % with an average of 2.36 %, protein percentage ranged between 16.3 % to 23.16 % with an average of 19.55 %. Ash percentage ranged between 1.7% to 2.8% with an average of 2.20. Total solid percentage ranged between 25 % to 37.7 %with an average of 31.26 %. Acidity ranged between 1.3 % to 2.5 % with an average of 1.70 %. Salt percentage ranged between 1.4 to 4.3 with an average of 2.89 %. The standard plate count of soft cheese was detected to be the interval of 1.2 x 104 - 4.7 x106 cfu/g. In the all cheese samples the coliform bacteria count was detected to be between 4.0 x103 to 8.6 x105 cfu/g. The yeast and mold count was found to be 9.6 x10 to 3.2 x105 cfu/g. The results found 20 % of Staphylococcus aureus contaminations, 13.33 % of Salmonella spp. contaminations. Cheese produced in Erbil are not agree with the Iraqi Standard.
Manar Hammood; Ahmed AL-Nazzal
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March 2020, Pages 68-76
Abstract
This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Food Science / College of Agriculture/ University of Tikrit with the aim of isolating and diagnosing fungi contaminated by stored wheat grains and estimating the concentration of FB1 in it and determining its physiological effects in rats, ...
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This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Food Science / College of Agriculture/ University of Tikrit with the aim of isolating and diagnosing fungi contaminated by stored wheat grains and estimating the concentration of FB1 in it and determining its physiological effects in rats, The results of the study showed the presence of Aspergillus sp. molds by 38 in the tested samples, followed by Fusarium sp. by 28 and Alternaria alternata by 19 then the genus Penicillium sp. by 10 and Mucor sp. by 5. The presence of FB1 toxin in local and imported wheat samples was also investigated by estimating using ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immune Sorbent Assays) as its highest concentration was 2.240 mg/kg in local wheat from the A-Dour district, while the lowest concentration was 0.103 mg/kg in Australian wheat samples. The ability of F.monliforme mold isolates to produce FB1 was also studied, it was found that they were capable of producing toxin with concentrations of 4.264 mg / kg in local wheat samples taken from Al-Dour district and 3.597 mg / kg in local wheat samples taken from Baiji district. Using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). With regard to the sensory evaluation of wheat flour used in the study, the best results for wheat flour of Australian wheat gave the highest results which reached 24 degrees while the worst results for wheat flour of Baiji which amounted to 14 degrees for the qualities studied: color, smell. With regard to the sensory evaluation of beard made from wheat samples in this study, the highest was recorded 33 degrees for Australian wheat and lowest evaluation for Dour wheat with 24 degrees with regard to the studied qualities of color, smell, taste. The effect of FB1 on the rate of weight gain in male rats has also been studied, the presence of this toxin in the rats' diet led to a significant decrease in weight after 21 days of the trial age, where the average weight in the T3 treatment was 141 g and the results showed a significant increase in the relative weight of the liver and Kidney in treatment T3 was 4.6g and 1.7g respectively.
Ahmed Muhsin Ali; Eithar Naji
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March 2020, Pages 77-87
Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Food Science - College of Agriculture - Tikrit University , the study aimed to measure the effect of the mixing ratio of vegetable oils and heat treatment on some of the chemical properties ,Three mixing ratios were identified. The ...
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The experiment was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Food Science - College of Agriculture - Tikrit University , the study aimed to measure the effect of the mixing ratio of vegetable oils and heat treatment on some of the chemical properties ,Three mixing ratios were identified. The sunflower oils, Rice Brane, flax, and sesame were used , than mixing process were made with sunflower oil being the main oil, and the remaining oils were added separately, at rates of 15%, 30% and 45%. The heat factor was used as a second factor for the experiment, and the values of the chemical properties of the oils were read at room temperature (RT) and at 150 ° C for 1 hour . The effect of these factors was observed on the values of acidity number, free fatty acids, iodine number, peroxide number, saponification number of studied oils and their mixtures. The highest pH value of sesame oil was 1.56 mg KOH / gm, while the lowest value was 0.262 mg KOH / gm in the sample of the Rice bran, while the free fatty acids had the highest value in the sesame oil sample, it reached 0.784% and the lowest was in the rice bran sample It reached 0.132%, and the iodine number treatment reached the highest values In the sample of flax oil, which amounted to 190 and the lowest in the sample, 15% flax oil + 85% sunflower oil reached 64, and the characteristic of peroxide number was also recorded significant differences between the values and recorded the highest value in the treatment 30% flax oil + 70% flower oil Sun reached 1.44 O2 / Kg and the lowest recorded for treatment is 30% Rice bran + 70% sunflower oil and it reached 0.93 O2 / Kg. We also note that the value of saponification number recorded its highest value in the treatment of flax oil and reached 194 mg KoH / g. As for the lowest value it was recorded In the treatment of 15% rice bran oil + 85% sunflower oil and reached 101 mg KoH / g, the heating processes led to significant changes in the values.
Shokhan Hamarashid
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March 2020, Pages 88-93
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of pre-frying treatments; there are blanching in water, calcium chloride solution (Cacl2), citric acid solution (C6H8O7), and table salt/ sodium chloride solution. Then, immersion in starch solution 1% as hydrocolloid on the oil absorption and moisture ...
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The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of pre-frying treatments; there are blanching in water, calcium chloride solution (Cacl2), citric acid solution (C6H8O7), and table salt/ sodium chloride solution. Then, immersion in starch solution 1% as hydrocolloid on the oil absorption and moisture content in fried potato strips. The results obtained have shown that the pre-frying treatment frequently reduced the oil absorption and increases the moisture content. The lowest oil absorption was found for the potato blanched in calcium chloride solution, and the greatest for the potato blanched in water. Additionally, immersion in hydrocolloid solution affected the fried potato oil uptake. The best result was obtained for the potato strips blanched in 0.5% calcium chloride solution following immersion in 1% starch solution. Where the oil content reached 15% compared the potato strips blanched in water 20%. On the other hand, the potato strips was blanched by using calcium chloride 0.5%. Then, immersion in starch solution by 1% that was the highest moister content compared to other samples which was 65%.
Ali Al-Rawi; Ghazwan Salih
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March 2020, Pages 94-104
Abstract
The biochemical study was conducted in the laboratories of the University of Tikrit, Faculty of Agriculture for the period from 1/9/2019until 1/11/2019 The study included making soy cheese from the method of sour cheese and the cheese was fortified by adding dry ginger plant in concentrations of 0.2 ...
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The biochemical study was conducted in the laboratories of the University of Tikrit, Faculty of Agriculture for the period from 1/9/2019until 1/11/2019 The study included making soy cheese from the method of sour cheese and the cheese was fortified by adding dry ginger plant in concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 g /100g soybean cheese and checks were made Chemical for cheese and biochemistry of rats and blood tests were taken in the middle and end of the experiment.The results of the chemical analysis of processed soybean cheese showed a decrease in the percentage of moisture and a rise in the percentage of protein and ash in the treatments that were supported by ginger. The results of the sensory evaluation also showed the superiority of ginger fortified soybean cheese 0.4g /100g cheese compared to other treatments. The results of the biochemical study conducted on rats showed a significant decrease at the level (p≤0.05) in the level of cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins and the ratio of urea and creatinine to the two treatments that were supported by ginger compared with the negative and positive control. The results of the histological anatomy of the liver and kidney showed superiority Treatments that were supported by ginger compared to the positive and negative control treatments, where a clear improvement was observed in the liver and kidney tissues and their normal appearance. Accordingly, the study aimed to manufacture of (tofu) cheese and study the effect of nutrition on soybean cheese fortified with different concentrations of ginger plant in the biochemical characteristics of blood of rats and follow-up of tissue tests of the kidneys and liver.
