Document Type : Articles
Author
Agricultural Engineering Science College , Salahaddin University-Erbil, , Iraq
Abstract
This study was carried out at Kani Graw field –around Erbil city during the breeding season 2021 by using two genetic groups of chickens, Kurdish local chickens (KK) and Super Harco commercial dual purpose chickens (HH), which were reciprocally mated to produce four combinations ( HH , KK ,HK and KH) to estimate crossbreeding effects, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combing ability (SCA), heterotic effect percent (H%), and direct additive effect (DAE) for hatching traits in pure chickens and their crosses. Furthermore, GCA and SCA were also used to estimate breeding value (BV) and genetic value (GVFM) for two parents and their crosses. The results indicated that significant differences among genetic groups in fertility percentage (F%) and chick weight (CW) however did not observe any significant differences in egg weight (EW) , hatchability of total eggs percentage (HTE%) and embryonic dead rate (ED%). However there were no significant difference between H×K cross and it's reciprocal K ×H in EW, HTE% , F% and ED% traits, furthermore, the reciprocal crosses(K×H) had recorded statistically the highest values for HTE%, F% and CW compared to the other genotypes, the KK genotype was recorded positive values of GCA for EW , HTE% , F% and ED% traits.. the reciprocal crosses (K × H ) was recorded the positive and high estimates of SCA for HTE % , F % and ED % traits while, H x K had the highest positive estimates for EW trait compared to the other genotypes. percentages of Heterotic (H %) for the H x K cross and K x H reciprocal were recorded positive values of HTE% ,F% and ED% traits were found. On the other hand both cross and reciprocal were negative value for CW . The KK genotype had significant and positive values of direct additive effect (DAE) for F% and ED % traits. Both of the HH and KK genotypes had negative value of DAE for CW trait, KK strain and H× K cross had the highest expected breeding values for HTE% and F % traits. both of HH , KK and H×K genotypes had the negative breeding values for EW and CW, while, K×H reciprocal had the highest values of HTE% , F% and ED % traits. In addition , genetic value of KS had the highest value in H% , F% and ED% .
Keywords
- Abdulla, M. S. (2007). Productive Performance and Histological Assessment of Gastro Intestinal Tract Broiler chicks resulting from Two Broiler Breeders and their Reciprocal Crosses (, M.Sc thesis , Salahaddin University-Erbil).Agricultural Engineering Sciences College
- Abdullah, M. S. (2020). Estimation of Some Genetic Parameters for Body Weight and Egg Production Traits of Two Iraqi Chicken Lines (Doctoral dissertation, Salahaddin University-Erbil ). Agricultural Engineering Sciences College
- Abou El-Ghar, R.Sh.; F.H. Abdou; G.M. Gebriel; A.A. Enab and T.H. Mahmoud (2003). Combining ability and genetic gain of some economic traits in Norfa chickens. Egypt. Poult. Sci. 23:687-704.
- Ahmedin A. and Mangistu U. (2016). Evaluation of Fertility, Hatchability and Egg Quality of Rural Chicken in Gorogutu District, Eastern Hararghe, Ethiopia. Asian Journal of Poultry Science, 10: 111- 116.
- Aly, O.M. and Nazla, Y. Abou El-Ella (2005). Effect of crossing on the performance of local strains 2.Estimates of pure line difference, direct heterosis, maternal additive and direct additive effects for growth traits, viability and some carcass traits. Egypt. Poult. Sci. 26 (I): 53-67.
- Amin, E. M. (2014). Genetic components and heterotic effect in 3× 3 diallel crossing experiment on egg production and hatching traits in chickens. The Journal of American Science, 10(8s), 55-71.
- Amin, E.M. (2007). Effect of crossing on growth performance and viability of commercial and native Egyptian chicken breeds. Egypt Poult. Sci. 27 (IV): 1151-1173.
- Amin, E.M. (2008). Effect of Crossing between the Local Black Baladi (Bronze) and White Nicholas Turkeys on Reproductive Traits. 2-Heterosis Maternal and Direct Additive Effects, General and Specific Combining Ability Effect for Hatch and Egg Production Traits. J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 33: 1093-1105
- Duncan, D. B., (1955). Multiple Range Test and Multiple F Tests. Biometrics 11, 1-42.
- El-Dlebshany, Amira E.;E.M. Amin;M.A. Kosba and M.A. El-Ngomy (2013). Effect of crossing between two selected lines of Alexandria chickens on hatching and egg production traits. Egypt. Poult. Sci. 37:999-1016
- Eltohamy, M. A. A., Mahrous, M. Y., Radwan, L. M., & Galal, A. (2018). The effect of cross and reciprocal cross on productive performance, fertility and hatchability for local, Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26(Special issue (2D)), 1495-1499.
- Falconer, D.S., (1988). Introduction to quantitative genetics. John Wiley and Sons, New York, U.S.A.
- Gad, H.A.; N.M. El-Naggar; M.A. Omara and Elham M. Abd- El-Gawad (1991). Crossbreeding for improvement of egg fertility and hatchability in Turkeys. Egypt. Poult. Sci. 11:113- 127.
- Hermiz, H.N. and Abdullah, M.S., (2020). Genetic and non genetic parameters for body weights of two Iraqi local chickns .. The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science, 51(1), pp.323-332.
- Hossari, M.A. and S.A. Dorgham (2000). Effect of heterosis on fitness traits in some Fayoumi crosses. Egyptian Poult. Sci. 20 (2):285-293
- Khalil, M., K., AL-Homidan, A.H. and I.H. Hermes (2004). Crossbreeding components in age at first egg and egg production for crossing Saudi chickens with white Leghorn. Livestock Res. for Rural Development.16 (1).
- Mohamed, M.D.; Y. I. Abdel Salam; A.M. Kheir, W. Jin-Yu and M.H. Hussein (2005). Growth performing of indigenous Exotic crosses of chicken and evaluation of general and specific combining ability under subbing condition International J. of Poult. Sci. 4 (7): 468-471.
- Mohmmed, S.A. and Hani, N.H.(2019). Genetic and non-genetic parameters for egg production traits of two Iraqi local chicks . Plant Archives, 19(2), pp.590-593.
- Saadey, S. M., A. Galal, H. I. Zaky and A. Zein El-dein. (2008). Diallel crossing analysis for body weight and egg production traits of two native Egyptian and two exotic chicken breeds. International Journal of Poultry Science, 7 (1): 64-71.
- SAS, Statistical Analysis System (2005). User's Guide for Personal Computer. Release 8.2 SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC, USA.
- Siwendu, N. A., N. David, J. W. Ngambi, H. A. Shimelis and B. Kow. (2012). Heterotic and combining ability for body weight in a diallel cross of three chicken genotypes. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 20: 23-25.
- Soliman, M. A., Khalil, M. H., El-Sabrout, K., & Shebl, M. K. (2020). Crossing effect for improving egg production traits in chickens involving local and commercial strains. Veterinary world, 13(3), 407.
- Taha, A.E. and F.A. Abd El-Ghany (2013). Improving Production Traits for El-Salam and Mandarah Chicken Strains by Crossing. I- Estimation of crossbreeding effects on egg production and egg quality traits. World Academy of Science Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Biological Science and Engineering 7 (10).
- Williams, S.M., Price, S.E. and Siegel, P.B. (2002). Heterosis of growth and reproductive traits in fowl. Poult. Sci., 81:1109-1112.
- Youssef, Y. K., M. M. Iraqi, A. M. El-Raffa, E. A. Afifi, M. H. Khalil, M. L. Garcia and M. Baselga. (2008). A joint project to synthesize new lines of rabbits in Egypt and Saudi Arabia: emphasis for results and prospects. In:Proc.9thWorld Rabbit Congress,Verona,Italy.1637-1642.
)