Effect of Bait and Light intensity of color traps of the population Ocnerogyla amanda Staudinger 1891 (LYMANTRIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA) Kane Kawai CHBUX

This study was carried out in the village of Kane kawai chbux, located in the Sulamani governorate of Iraq in 2021. Two options were used to suppress population destiny: a bait trap and a light trap. The effect of color and light density on the attractiveness of adults of the moth Ocnerogyia amanda species of moth leaf worm of fig was studied, and the results showed that light traps yellow color were more effective than white color, Whereas the means monthly captured of adults/trap had (6.278,14.400,12.078), and white light traps means captured adults/trap monthly had ( 6.830,10.488,10.080)The results of the statistical analysis also showed significant differences between white light traps and yellow light intensity with (50, 100, and 150) watts of bulb power, and traps with a 50-watt bulb had less influence on adult capture. Molasses with water at 1:9 and molasses with vinegar at 1:3. The mean monthly captured adults/trap had (7.304, 3.018, and 0.041).Fermented palm sugar and water were superior in attracting a significant number of captures as compared to vinegar and molasses. Molasses and vinegar were the least attractive. The conclusion is that bait traps are an attraction and capture, and that collectors and attraction are aids to light traps that capture most adults active at night as the best method to reduce population density, these are the two selected methods and their relationship as integrated pest management methods


INTRODUCTION
Ficus carica L., a part of the family (Moraceae), Fruits are high in fiber, potassium (Vinson, 2018), amino acids, sugar, calcium, and iron. source of vitamins C, E, and (Solomon et al., 2006) as an important source of food that most benefits humans. F. carica is an important component of rain forest vegetation, particularly in the lowlands (Novotny et al., 2005). In northern Iraq, Ocnerogyia amanda (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) is a serious pest of the fig tree Ficus carica L (Novotny et al., 2005). More notes have been previously published on the life history of the fig tree moth in Iraq (Ali et al., 2012;YS Ghani et al., 2013).The larvae devoured all the fig leaves completely, with the exception of the large midribs. Since they are night feeders, they remain concealed among the leaves on the ground during the daytime. As a result of a series of leaf damage and water-regime issues with the injured tree, the fruits may also shrink and drop. Before it was fully ripe. There may be additional causes as well, such as fruit exposure to intense sunshine and, in certain circumstances, fly infection, which slows fruit growth and results in fruit shedding. (Buxton, 1920). Moths became active at night and stopped ingesting honey-solution when they hit maturity. Moths that had been hibernating behind stones and in cracks in the ground began to emerge. After mating, each female can lay up to 75 eggs found under trees on the lower side of the leaves.
The larvae hatch in 6 days. It passes through six molts before it becomes fully-grown. It begins to build its cocoon, feeds for around 28 days, and then pupate for 7-10 days on the leaves, while the last half of June and the first half of July see the monitoring of the pupae and adults. The pest is likely to have three generations during the hotter seasons of the year, which are from April to September (Abai et al., 1986).Adults are nocturnal (Kawahara et al., 2019).The larvae of a tussock moth Lymantriinae (Schaefer, 1989) higher classification is Superfamily: Noctuoidea (Kawahara et al., 2019).this pest had been Distributing in Mesopotamia, Iraq, Iran, and Turkey in Mardin. Oman (Hacker, 2016), the United Arab Emirates (Fibiger et al., 2009)and the United Kingdom (Legrain et al., 1998).Diyala, Baghdad, and other cities are now found in the majority of Iraqi cities, especially in the Kurdistan region according to AfroMoths.net.
Some methods for reducing this pest have been developed. Noctuids, the major attractive groupings of lepidopterans, are used in traps to decrease insect populations (P J Suckling et al., 1990 ;Kovancı et al., 2013) Molasses and pure grape molasses, enzymatic acids, may act as insect pest attractants. (Hughes et al., 1998) caught nearly 100 butterfly species in traps baited with grape molasses and 10% bait (grape molasses) (Peter J Landolt, 2000) .Acetic acid also attracts noctuid moths that are attracted to fermenting sweet baits. Glover, 1855 (Frost, 1926(Frost, ,1928(Frost, , 1929Eyer, 1931;(Ditman et al., 1933) Similarly, pans of poisoned vinegar and molasses have been reported to attract and kill corn earworm moths, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). For example, the sex ratio of other noctuids trapped in fermenting molasses bait was one-to-one. For example, H. Virescens and M. latipes(P. J.  Molasses with water was attractive(Peter J Landolt, 1995) Moths were captured in water containing 20% molasses or 5, 10, or 20% jaggery. Although one distilled 200ml of water, after a week, it became active again, and its attractiveness was high for up to 24 days after it was made.
As well as visual lures (such as light) for suppressing the population of the pest. LEDs convert electricity to light while producing very little energy (Cohnstaedt et al., 2008). In addition, Deilephila elpenor, the hawkmoth, has very sensitive eyes that can recognize colors even in low light. Studies have so far used light traps and baits to examine, record, and reduce insect pest populations as well as capture a variety of insects without the need for human management. (Nabli et al., 1999 ;Goretti et al., 2011 ;Pawson et al., 2009 ;Wallner et al., 1995 andArthurs et al., 2020). The aim of the study is to make a comparison of the best methods used for suppressing population density in the following the effect of the use of (light and bait) traps to attract insect adults, and light traps with different powers and colors at night to attract adults.

Study Location
Experiments were carried out in a field at Tree Fig (Upton et al., 1991). The Berlese or Tullgren funnel; (Stanley et al., 1970;Mulhern, 1942). (White and yellow lamps with different powers of (50, 100, and 150) watts each with three replicates). At night, to attract and kill adults, the lights (50 meter distance between them) were randomly distributed. Water and Delta 25 insecticide are added for container collectors. The timing of insecticide applications can be based on the results of trapping (Gilbert, 1984) .Figure1(B) filtration Collected and recorded moths from each trap are labeled light traps according to treatments and replicated for 28 weeks during 2021 (18 April until November)

Using bait traps in orchards on the population density of adults
Bait traps like molasses with water (100 molasses/900 milter water) (P. J. ) molasses with vinegar of grape 0.05 acetic acid made in Iran (100 of molasses/300 milter vinegar (Yücel, 2016), are three replicated and labeled and control. Fermentation is prepared by a little yeast of brewers yeast (Redzepovic et al., 2003). 3 days later before use is prepared for each fermentation (Peter J Landolt, 1995), These are in two different bottles, then in a field divided into equal liquids in bottles plastic labeled each with a volume of 2 liters, a width of 10 centimeters, and a depth of 30 centimeters (Rivero et al., 2021). When they are suspended from the branches and stem trunks of trees by wire steel carbon one millimeter because this type easily handles moderate flattening and that for hung figs from around and within the tree at a height on the surface of earth of 1.5 or 2.5 meters (Tortricidae, 2019) Figure(2) In open fields, a 25-meter distance between traps may lessen trap interference. Every 7 days, all baits were filtered.

Statistical analyses
The results were analyzed using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and means were compared by Duncan's multiple range test (P≤0.05) using statistical software(XL-STAT.21.2.59614(Addinsoft 2019). (JMP, 2007). •The holder base to install the light bulb and tighten the bulb by rope cotton 2 millimeters to the opposite inside container is 10 cm, in order to attract the moths around the bulb in the shortest time, then fall down to the inside bottle collector and large amounts of debris from falling into the container and prevent moths to escape of light.
•electric lamp with a capacity of Bulbs (50,100,150) watts, yellow and white.
•Electrical wires to connect the power supply and a switch to start and cut the main power supply.  100watt of white color different significantly from other week. There were significant differences between total weekly means of the adults/trap captured yellow, which were total means weekly, had 8.635white, 10.600 yellow. From this, we find that as the number of adults/trap increases between with increase intensity 50 and 150 watts similar source (Sridhar et al., 2018). The yellow color is because the wavelength is longer than the white color, and the yellow color is placed in the nearest place in the fig trees according to (Mikkola, 1972) who showed that for this reason, light wavelengths that can only attract. Although most species can detect the yellow wavelengths that lamps generate, they rarely attract moths. This research is similar According to (Athanassiou et al., 2007;Nirmal et al., 2017), these findings are significant. In the high-density stand, white and yellow traps caught many more than the other two trap colors, but this was no significant according to source (Mahmoud et al., 2014) traps capture adults in low numbers (two per trap) until mid-June are capable of color recognition even in low-light conditions noticed that by (Kelber et al., 2003). There were significant differences in means captured adults' white light density between 50, 100, and 150, disagreement by source (Al-Jallal, 2007)who showed that no significant differences between the traps of the white light density of with 160W bulb power and 250W bulb power and unaccepted by  who indicated that there were no noticeable variations between the white light density traps with 160W and 250W.The effect of lamp color, white and yellow type, and light intensity (50,100,150) on the types and number of pest moths catches a correlation between lamp color and light intensity. With this result, the study was accepted by (Erdiansyah et al., 2021;Sridhar et al., 2018).agreement by (Geer et al., 2019) who observed that higher-intensity lights attract more species than lower-intensity lights, as evidenced by the fact that yellow and white incandescent bulbs have higher intensities than their LED counterparts. the data table (2) show that the adults/trap number were coincided with the increasing light intensity from 50-100,150 watt, total monthly means number of adults/trap had ( 9.133white color , 10.919 yellow color ) and there were significant differences(p≤0.05).these differences colors and intensity between months and light intensities (white, yellow). in molasses/water rather than molasses with vinegar or water only the vinegar bait was also much less common.

The effect of bait traps on the population density of adults
(Peter J Landolt, 1995)who found that molasses with 5, 10, or 20 jaggeries in water produced greated adults or traps of the Mecies laptipes Gueene; increasing the palm sugar concentration from 5% to 20% in water resulted in a noticeable increase in the number of Mocis latipes trapped.Furthermore, it catches molasses with water (1:9) more than molasses with vinegar (1:3) because molasses with water (1:9) is sweeter and stays longer than molasses with vinegar (1:3). This study accepted by the source (Peter J. Landolt et al., 2011), so that molasses with water has a (1:9) greater catch of moths than molasses with vinegar. This is a significant study According to the source(Yothers, 1927)who indicated that adult codling moths were attracted to vinegar (5-50% acetic acid), a result of microbial fermentation of these sugary baits, though in much lower quantities than molasses. For more example Compared to the appeal of a variety of different acids (Adilha et al., 2018) it caught the least number of G. molesta adults of all the traps tested (Eyer et al., 1930). As a result, molasses with vinegar catches the least amount of molasses. In this experiment, the ratio of molasses to vinegar (1:3) attracted the fewest moths. This is study similar to (Hughes et al., 1998) The results revealed that catches were greater in April and May, but declined in the months of June, July, and August. This is a result similar to the source for example (Leeuwen et al., 1939) molasses ferments into 10% vinegar indicate that Higher molasses catches from April 29 to July 4. From July 10th until September 17th, 1.45 molasses fermented jars are available. The catches in 21 jars have been reduced, but in this study molasses/vinegar ratio is1:3. Furthermore example(P. J. who observed baited with 200 ml of 10% jaggery in deionized water (5 to 16 days old) and the other trap was baited with 200 ml of deionized water. It subsequently became attractive after one week and increased in attractiveness for up to 24 days after it was made. for this reason study, the ratio of molasses to vinegar is 1:3, which is less than 10% jaggery in deionized water. Because of fewer attractive moths remaining active than in molasses with water (1:10), there are fewer captured adults in the trap. Molasses with vinegar1:3 this ratio this study lower than 1:10 molasses grape so few captured adults/trap this accepted by this example (Hughes et al., 1998) In Costa Rica, researchers used rotten banana and grape molasses to attract 23 and 37 lepidopteran species, respectively, in forest and grassland environments.
In Finland, almost 100 butterfly species were caught in traps baited with grape molasses, honey, and beer. Molasses and 10% bait (grape molasses), and the bait traps were made with a 1:4 (food: water) ratio and 2-3 grams of yeast. Vinegar A few captured adults /traps a reason to return to this study as a researcher. For example, a mixture of acetic acid and aromatic volatiles. Secondary factors include the synthesis of alcohol and the evolution of gas, but the production of large yeast populations and the conversion of alcohol to acetic acid are only slightly attractive or even repellent as notice that by (El-Sayed et al., 2016) Male and female moths of several pest Tortricidae were attracted.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of bait traps with molasses/water, because it has the largest mean number of captured adults compared to molasses/vinegar, it is recommended to be used to reduce the density of the adults because, if there is fermentation, it attracts both males and females. As a result, the number of bait trap replications should be increased, and the percentage of water in the molasses should be increased to attract the most moths. Also, the largest mean adult captured with yellow light is recorded at 100 watts, so it is recommended that yellow light be used at 150 watts or higher than that because the yellow color of the wavelength is more effective than white to attract and detect moths and reduce the population density. Has a large number of moths caught, especially in the spring and autumn seasons. Because moths are nocturnal. Light traps have captured more adults than baits. Thus, light traps are the best method to suppress the population. These two selected options are very important in integrated pest management. The choice is to suppress the dense population of moths before damage is exposed. Because these two methods are used together, they complement each other. The goal is to reduce the economic level of the injured density to the lowest level of economic damage, which is usually the level of the economic threshold with some spray of the starting damage.