Document Type : Articles
Authors
Soil Sciences and Water Resources Department, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul
Abstract
The aim of the study to estimate soil uniformity and development using B horizon, Three pedons were selected within Nineveh Governorate (Rashedyia, Talafar, and Telkaif), The morphological description was carried out according to the principles followed in soil survey staff, (2014), then each pedon was divided into depths and soil samples were taken from these depths to be transferred in to laboratory for physical and chemical analysis, also some of sand particles separated by different size of sieves. The results showed an increase in sand particles values downward to the third depth and then decreased again in the fourth depth in most study sites. A parallel curve was reached at Talafar 's location within the deepest except for the fifth depth, which showed an intersection in the size of the very coarse sand (VCS), which gave a lower proportion of the rest of the depths, due to the fact that the sampling was taken advantage of the grazing area and there was no equal movement of that size between the depths, albeit slight. The values of the ratio of fine sand to the total sand showed that they were relatively lower than the values of the ratio of fine sand to coarse sand for all locations, its rates ranged (0.41 - 0.83), the standard deviation values from the arithmetic mean were less than 21% in all locations except the surface layer at Telkaif, which amounted to (30.61%).
Keywords
- Adams, W.A. and L.J. Evans. (1975). Quantitative pedological studies on soils derived from Silurian mudstones. IV. Uniformity of parent material and evaluation of internal standards. Journal of Soil Science, 26, 319-326.
- Al-Akedi, Walid Khaled. (1986) Pedology Soil Survey and Classification. University of Mosul, Iraq.pp: 50.
- Al-Jubouri, Ali Ismail, Falah Abdul-Mamari and Mohsen Muhammad Ghazal. (2001) Distribution of heavy metals in modern sandy sediments of the Tigris River and its tributaries in north and northeastern Iraq. Al-Rafidain Science Journal, Volume 12, Issue 4, pp. 145-161.
- Al-Mashhadani, Ahmed Saleh Muhaimid (1994). Soil Surveying and Classification, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research - University of Mosul.
- Ali, R. A., Abdelgalil A. A., Ibrahim M. S. and Mustafa A. A. (2020). Land Suitability Evaluation for Different Crops in Soils of Eastern Sohag, Egypt. International Journal of Academic & Applied Research (IJAAR), 4(7), 126-138. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343263527
- Azeez, S.N. and Muhaimeed A. S. (2016). Genesis and Classification of Some Soils in Kalar City Northern Iraqi Kurdistan Region. IOSR Journal of Agriculter & veterinary science, 9: (7): 15-22. DOI: 10.9790/2380-0907021522
- Barshad, I. (1969). Chemistry of soil development, in Bear, F. E., ed., chemistry of the soil. London, Chapman and Hall Ltd. P:1-70.
- Beshay, N.F. and A.S. Sallam,(1995). Evaluation of some methods for establishing uniformity of profile parent material. Arid Soil Res. and Rehabilitation. 9:63-72.
- Brady, N, C. and Buckman, H.O. 1974, “The nature and properties of soil “, 6th.Ed. Macimillan Co. New York
- Brewer, R. (1976). Fabric and Mineral Analysis of Soils. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. PP:75-84.
- Buringh . P. 1960,” Soil and soil condition of Iraq “, ministry of agric. Baghdad – Iraq.
- Gee , G. W. and J. W. Bauder . (1986) . Particle size analysis , In methods of soil analysis . Part 1 : Physical and mineralogical method. 2nd Edited by A. Klute P: 383- 409.
- Hesse PR. (1971). A Textbook of Soil Chemical Analysis. John Murray, London, UK, 520 pp.
- IAC. (2020). Agrometeorological Station in Mosul/ Iraqi Agrometeorological Center network. Ministry of Agriculture. Baghdad, Iraq, Agromet.gov.iq
- Jackson, M. L. (1976). Soil chemical analysis-Advanced course (2ndEd.). Published by the author, Madison, WI, USA.
- Jenny, H. (1961). Factors of Soil Formation,a system of quantitative pedology. Mc Graw-Hill Book Company Inc. New York and London.
- Jenny, H. (1994) Factors of Soil Formation A System of Quantitative Pedology. Courier Corporation, Chelmsford. Book Company Inc. New York and London.
- Muhaimeed, A.S., Saloom, A. J., Saliem, K. A., Alani, K. A. and Muklef, W. M. (2018). Classification and Distribution of Iraqi Soils. International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research, 2( 6), ISSN (Online) 2319-1473.
- Ozsoy, G. and Aksoy, E. (2012). Genesis and Classification of some Mollisols Developed under Forest Vegetation in Bursa, Turkey. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 14:75–80. . ISSN Online: 1814–9596.
- Page, A. L., Miller, H., and D. R. Keeny. (1982). Method of soil analysis. Part (2) chemical and biological properties, Am. Soc. Agron. Inc., Pub. Madison, Wissonsinsin. USA.
- Soil Survey Staff. (2014). Keys to soil taxonomy. 12th Edition, USDA- Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington DC.
- Tandon, H. L.S. (1999). Methods of analysis of soils, plants, waters, and fertilizers. fertilizers Development and Consultation Organization. new Delhi. India.
- Tsai, C.-C. and Z.-S. Chen. (2000). Lithologic discontinuities in Ultisols along a toposequence in Taiwan. Soil Sci. 165: 587–596.
- Wang, C., and R.W. Arnold. (1973). Quantifying pedogenesis for soils with discontinuities. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 37, 271–278..
)