Document Type : Articles

Authors

Department of Animal Production- College of Agriculture - Tikrit University - Iraq

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of adding biochar to the diet and litter on growth performance, gas concentration, hock burning and dermatitis in the foot pads of broilers. In the experiment, 300 One day old chicks were randomly distributed to 5 treatments 3 replicates each treatment , with (20) birds .T1: as control treatment. T2: (2) kg biochar / 100 kg feed). T3: (4 kg biochar l / 100 kg feed). T4: (2 kg biochar / 100 kg litter). T5: (4 kg biochar / 100 kg litter) . The results of the statistical analysis of the average live body weight and feed conversion factor of broilers showed a significant superiority of the treatments with added biochar to the feed compared to the treatments with added biochar to the litter and the control group. While the results for ammonia gas NH3 levels, the hock burn and footpad dermatitis suggested that the addition of biochar to the litter treatments produced the best results compared to the biochar-added diet group and the control group.

Keywords

  1. Albiker, D., & Zweifel, R. (2019). Wirkung von Pflanzenkohle im Futter oder in der Einstreu auf den Stickstoffgehalt in der Einstreu bei Broilern. Innovatives Denken für eine nachhaltige Land-und Ernährungswirtschaft. Beiträge zur 15. Wissenschaftstagung Ökologischer Landbau, Kassel, 5. bis 8. März 2019.
  2. ARDCorp, B. C. (2014). Investigating Benefits of Supplementing Broiler Feed with Broiler Litter Biochar.
  3. Bilgili, S. F., Hess, J. B., Blake, J. P., Macklin, K. S., Saenmahayak, B., & Sibley, J. L. (2009). Influence of bedding material on footpad dermatitis in broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 18(3), 583-589.‏
  4. Bilgili, S. F., Zelenka, D., & Marion, J. E. 2008. Quality standards for chicken feet (paws) during processing. In Proc. World’s Poultry Congress, Brisbane, Australia [CDROM]. World’s Poultry Science Association (WPSA), Beekbergen, the Netherlands.‏
  5. Bradshaw, R. H., Kirkden, R. D., & Broom, D. M. 2002. A review of the aetiology and pathology of leg weakness in broilers in relation to welfare. Avian and poultry biology reviews, 13(2), 45-104.
  6. Cengiz, Ö., Hess, J. B., & Bilgili, S. F. 2011. Effect of bedding type and transient wetness on footpad dermatitis in broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 20(4), 554-560.‏‏
  7. Chai, S. J., Cole, D., Nisler, A., & Mahon, B. E. (2017). Poultry: The most common food in outbreaks with known pathogens, United States, 1998–2012. Epidemiology & Infection, 145(2), 316-325.
  8. Duncan, D.B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple "F99 test Biometrics. II: 1-2.
  9. EBC, H. (2012). European Biochar Certificate–Guidelines for a Sustainable Production of Biochar, European Biochar Fondation (EBC), Arbaz, Switzerland.
  10. Giwa, A., Yusuf, A., Ajumobi, O., & Dzidzienyo, P. (2019). Pyrolysis of date palm waste to biochar using concentrated solar thermal energy: Economic and sustainability implications. Waste Management, 93, 14-22.‏
  11. Hien, N. N., Dung, N. N. X., Manh, L. H., & Le Minh, B. T. (2018). Effects of biochar inclusion in feed and chicken litter on growth performance, plasma lipids and fecal bacteria count of Noi lai chicken. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 30(7).‏
  12. Kalus, K., Konkol, D., Korczyński, M., Koziel, J. A., & Opaliński, S. 2020. Effect of biochar diet supplementation on chicken broilers performance, NH3 and odor emissions and meat consumer acceptance. Animals, 10(9), 1539.
  13. Kana, J. R., Teguia, A., & Tchoumboue, J. (2010). Effect of dietary plant charcoal from Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. and maize cob on aflatoxin B1 toxicosis in broiler chickens. Advances in Animal Biosciences, 1(2), 462.
  14. Linhoss, J. E., Purswell, J. L., Street, J. T., & Rowland, M. R. (2019). Evaluation of biochar as a litter amendment for commercial broiler production. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 28(4), 1089-1098.
  15. Man, K. Y., Chow, K. L., Man, Y. B., Mo, W. Y., & Wong, M. H. (2021). Use of biochar as feed supplements for animal farming. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 51(2), 187-217.
  16. Marshall, B. M., & Levy, S. B. (2011). Food animals and antimicrobials: impacts on human health. Clinical microbiology reviews, 24(4), 718-733.
  17. Marty, C. A. (2021). Evaluating the effects of pine and miscanthus biochar on water activity and Escherichia coli populations in commercial broiler litter (Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University).‏
  18. NRC. 1994. Nutrient requirement of poultry.9TH edition. National Academy Press. Washington. D.C.USA.
  19. Prasai, T. P., Walsh, K. B., Bhattarai, S. P., Midmore, D. J., Van, T. T., Moore, R. J., & Stanley, D. (2016) Biochar, bentonite and zeolite supplemented feeding of layer chickens alters intestinal microbiota and reduces campylobacter load. PLoS One, 11(4), e0154061.‏
  20. Ruttanavut, J.; Yamauchi, K.; Goto, H.; Erikawa T. (2009). Effects of Dietary Bamboo Charcoal Powder Including Vinegar Liquid on Growth Performance and Histological Intestinal Change in Aigamo Ducks. International Journal of Poultry Science.;8(3):229–36.
  21. SAS Institute . (2001). SAS User's Guide : Statistics Version 6.12ed . SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC., USA..