Document Type : Articles

Authors

Biotechnology and Crop Science Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq

Abstract

The study was carried out in Sulaimani region at Qliasan location during the winter season of 2019-2020. A factorial experiment was conducted by using randomized complete block design with three replications. It was aimed to evaluate the effect of three sowing dates on growth, yield, and its components of grass pea varieties under rainfed conditions of Sulaimani Region. Three levels of sowing dates: 15th October (S1), 1st November (S2), and 15th November (S3) 2019 was applied for four varieties of grass pea (IF003, IF133, IF102, IF067), originated from different regions. The results of the experiment showed significant values for plant height (59.391cm), days to 50% flowering (125.307), days to maturity (174.333), seed yield (4013.920 kg ha-1) and biological yield (18004.514 kg ha-1) at the third sowing date (S3). The second sowing date resulted in the highest no of pods plant-1 (27.417) harvest index (0.403). The first sowing date had recorded the highest number of seeds (4.333) and seed yield (5599.141 kg ha-1).

Keywords

  1. Alignan M, J. Roche, A. Bouniols, M. Cerny, Z. Mouloungui and O. Merah (2009). Effects of genotype and sowing date on phytostanol–phytosterol content and agronomic traits in wheat under organic agriculture. Food Chemistry, 117: 219–225.
  2. Anonymous, 2014. Area, production and yield of lathyrus and mothbean in India.Pulses data book state wise.2, 2.4. Indian Institute of pulse research, Kanpur, India.
  3. Arslan, M., 2017. Fatty Acid characteristics of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) in an East Mediterranean environment. Cogent Chemistry, 3 (1):1-9
  4. Bhagat G. J., S. R. Kamdi, P. S. Neharkar, S. R. Ghate and P.R. Kadu, 2015. Influence of integrated nutrient management on paddy-lathyrus cropping system in eastern Vidarbha region. International Journal of Tropical Agriculture. 4(2): 16-20.
  5. Biswas, A. K., 2007. Induced mutation in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.). In: Breeding of neglected and underutilized crops, spices and herbs, (eds. Ochatt, S. and Jain, S.M.). Science Publishers, Jersey, Plymouth: 29-39.
  6. Campbell C. G., 1997. Grass Pea. Lathyrus sativus L. Promoting the Conservation and Use of Underutilized and Neglected Crops. Publ. No. 18. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome.
  7. Connor GE, J. Evans, N.A. Fettell, I. Bamforth, J. Stuchberry, D.P. Heenan and P.M. Chalk, 1993. Sowing date and varietal effects on the N2 fixation of field pea and implications for improvement of soil nitrogen. Crop and Pasture Science. 44(1), 151 – 163.
  8. Fraser M. D., R. Fychan and R. Jones, 2001. The effect of harvest date and inoculation on the yield, fermentation characteristics and feeding value of forage pea and field bean silages. Grass and Forage Science. 56, 218-230.
  9. Ganga P., R. K. Singh, A. Singh and K. Singh, 2015. Growth, yield and nutrient uptake and quality of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Varieties as Affected by Varying Sowing Dates. Environment and Ecology. 33(1A):271-274.
  10. Gohil J.R., M.D. Kamani, D. Kumar amd L.K. Arvadiya, 2016. Performance of linseed (Linum usitatissimum Linn.) to different dates of sowing, seed rate and row spacing. Advances in Life Science. 5(5):1755-1759.
  11. Hanbury, C. D., C. L. White, B. P. Mullan and K. H. M. Siddique, 2000. A review of the potential of Lathyrus sativus L. and L. cicero L. grain for use as animal feed. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 87:1-27.
  12. Keogh B. Mc., T. Grath and J. Grant, 2001. The effect of sowing date and nitrogen on the dry-matter yield and nitrogen content of forage rape (Brassica napus L.) and stubble turnips (Brassica rapa L).
  13. Kumari A., R.P. Singh and Yeshpal, 2012. Productivity, nutrient uptake and economics of mustard hybrid (Brassica juncea) under different planting time and row spacing. Indian Journal of Agronomy.; 57(1):61-67.
  14. Kushwaha C.L., K. Prasad and S.P. Kushwaha 2006. Effect of row spacing and nitrogen doses on yield attributes and yield of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties under irrigated conditions of Bundelkhand. Plant Archives. 6(2):741-743.
  15. Kushwaha C.L., K. Prasad and S. P. Kushwaha, 2006. Effect of row spacing and nitrogen doses on plant population and growth of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Varieties. Plant Archives. 6(2):729-731.
  16. Mahboob A., M.A. Chowdhury and A.E. Slinkard, 2000. Genetic diversity in grass pea Lathyrus sativus L. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 47, 163-169.
  17. Mahmood, H., S. TOWFIQ and K. Rashid, 2019. The sensitivity of different growth stages of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) Under deficit irrigation', applied ecology and environmental research, 17(4), pp. 7605-7623.
  18. Maurya A.C., M. Raghuveer, G. Goswami, S. Kumar, 2017. Influences of date of sowing on yield attributes and yield of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties under dryland condition. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences; 6(7):481-487.
  19. Piergiovanni A.R., F. Lupo and M. Zaccardelli, 2010. Environmental effect on yield, composition and technological seed traits of some Italian ecotypes of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.). Journal of Science, Food and Agriculture. 91, 122-129.
  20. Polignano G.B., P. Uggenti, V. Bisignano and E..Alba, 2003. Patterns of variation in Lathyrus sativus and some related species. Mediterranean journal of Agriculture. 133, 81-88.
  21. Arora R.K., P.N. Mathur, K.W. Riley and Y. Adham (Eds.), 1995. Lathyrus Genetic Resources in Asia: Proceedings of a Regional Workshop, December 27–29, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur, India, pp. 45-52
  22. Rao, S. C., 2008. Effects of Planting Date on Biomass Production by Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.).
  23. Rao S. C., B. K., Northup and H. S., Mayeux, 2005. Candidate cool‐season legumes for filling forage deficit periods in the southern Great Plains. Crop Sci. 45 2068–2074
  24. Rao S. C., B. K. Northup, W. A. Phillips and H. S. Mayeux, 2007. Inter-seeding novel cool‐season annual legumes to improve bermudagrass paddocks. Crop Sci. 47 168–173
  25. Rehman, A.U., M. Amjad Ali, B.M. Atta, M. Saleem, A. Abbas and A. R. Mallahi, 2009. Genetic studies of yield related traits in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Aust. J. Crop Sci., 3: 352-360.
  26. Saoji B.V., M.J. Patil, M.K. Moon, V.Nagdeote and A. H. Khade, 2007. Effect of spacing and higher seed rates on yield of linseed in command area of Gondia district. Journal of Soils andCrops. 17(1):117-121.
  27. Sharma, R.N., M.W. Chitale, G. B. Ganvir, A.K. Geda and R. L. Pandey, 2000. Observations on the development of selection criterion for high yield and low neurotoxin in grass pea based on genetic resources. Lathyrus Lathyrism Newsletter 1.
  28. Singh VP, M. Singh and DV. Singh, 1998. Growth, Yield and Quality of Peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.
  29. Steel, R.G.D. and J. H. Torrie, 1986. Principles and procedures of statistics: A biometrical approach. Second Edition, McGraw Hill Co. Inc., New York.
  30. Tomar, G.S., S.P.S Tomar, and S.N. Khajanji, 2011. Science of crop production: part– II. Kushal publications and distributors, Varanasi.
  31. Zambre M., B. Chowdhury, Y.H. Kuo, M.V. Montagu, G. Angenon and F. Lambein, 2002. Prolific regeneration of fertile plants from green nodular callus induced from meristematic tissues in Lathyrus sativus L. (grass pea). Plant Science. 163, 1107-1112.