Document Type : Articles

Authors

Field Crop Dep artment , Col lege o f Agriculture and Fore stry , Mosul University , Mosul , Iraq.

Abstract

The importance of assessing the ge net ic parameters comes in knowing how the ge net ic factors are transmitted from one generation to another, as well as their relationship to each other and their effect on determining the ph enotypic of the plant. And this is through knowing the ge net ic behavior and the nature of the ge net ic action, which is of great importance in determining the appropriate method for breeding and improvement. Selection for a high yield in crops, including faba bean, requires knowledge of the nature and amount of varia nce in germplasm because ge net ic differences are desirable for plant breeders. The success of any breeding program must depend on the desired ge net ic varia nce present in the plant community, and had it not been for the occurrence of these variants, the plant species that surpassed their parents in productive and qualitative characteristics would not have been found. In view of the increasing demand for the crop of faba bean as an important food and medical source for humans, as well as the absence of breeding stations concerned with preserving the varieties cultivated in the country or developing new varieties with desirable production and quality specifications, for the purpose of advancing the current reality of producing this crop, researchers have devoted their efforts to exploit the means and ge net ic information they have available as tributaries of breeding and improving this crop, where many plant breeders were interested in the phenomenon of heterosis, and it was exploited in the development of many hybrids with high productivity and good quality.

Keywords

  1. Abd El-Mageed, A. (2018). Ge‎net‎ic diversity between faba bean hybrids in relation to heterosis using molecular and agronomic data. Egyptian Journal Agronomy, 40(3): 237-249.
  2. Abd El-Zaher, I.N. (2016). Inheritance of S.Y.and some yield components of faba bean using six populations. Australia Journal Agricultural Sciences, 47(4): 32-40.
  3. Abdalla, M.M.F. ; M.M. Shafik ; M.A. Sabah and A.G. Hend (2017). Combining ability, heterosis and inbreeding effects in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 15(5): 1-13.
  4. Abd-Elrahman, R.A.M. ; M.A. Ibrahim ; M. Sabah ; M. Attia and T.S. El-Marsafawy (2012). Combining ability analysis for yield and some agronomic traits in seven faba bean genotypes. Egyptian Journal Plant Breed, 16(3): 135-145.
  5. Abdul-Halitan, A.T. (2010). Partial substitution of wheat flour with faba bean flour and its effect on the rheological and manufacturing properties of some baked goods. Master Thesis, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul.
  6. Ahmad, M.S.H. (2016). Studies on ge‎net‎ic variability, herita‎bility and ge‎net‎ic adva‎nce in segregating generations of faba bean (Vicia Faba L). Middle East Journal of Agriculture Research, 5(1): 82-89.
  7. Alhajj, A.S. ; L. Tedone ; L. Verdini ; E. Cazzato and G. De Mastro (2019). Wheat response to no-tillage and nitrogen fertilization in a long-term faba bean-based rotation. Agronomy, 9(2): 50-55.
  8. AL-Hamdany, S.Y.H. (2012). Estimation of heterosis, gene action and genotypic and ph‎enotypic correlation in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Al-Rafidain Agricultural Journal 40(1): 85-99.
  9. AL-Hamdany, S.Y.H. (2017). Inbreeding depression and exp‎ected ge‎net‎ic adva‎nce of F2 hybrids in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Al-Rafidain Agricultural Journal, 45 (4): 69-84 .
  10. Allard, R.W. (1960). Principles of Plant Breeding. John willey and Sons.Inc.NewYork, USA.
  11. Al-Shakarchy, W.Y.R. (2010). Estimation of some ge‎net‎ic parameters , correlations and path coefficient analysis for F2 generation in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Tikrit Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 10(1): 50-61.
  12. Al-Shakarchy, W.Y.R. (2011). Combining ability and diallel cross of the yield and its components for the F2 hybrids of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Al-Rafidain Agricultural Journal, 39(3): 145-156.
  13. Al-Shakarchy, W.Y.R. ; W.B.M. Allela ; S.Y.H. AL-Hamdany and F.F.R. Ibraheem (2020). Effect of soil application of seaweed extract ACADIAN on ge‎net‎ic performance in faba bean Vicia faba L..10th International Conference for Sustainable Agric. Development 2-4 March 2020 , Fayoum J. Agric. Res,&Dev., 34(1B): 55-70.
  14. Al-Taweel, M.S. ; A.Th. Al-Niaymi and M.M.Salah (2019). Evaluation assessment of new genotypes of Faba bean under rainfed conditions of ninavaha governorate. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, (47): 163-177, Supplement I, 2019 Proceedings of the 3rd International Agri. Conference, College of Agri. and Forestry, Univ. of Mosul and College of Agri. Engineering Sciences, Univ. of Duhok 2-3 October 2019.
  15. Amit, K.C. ; S. Nath ; S.K. Hitaishi and A. Dutt (2020). Assessing of ge‎net‎ic variability, herita‎bility and ge‎net‎ic adva‎nce in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under sodic soil. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(5): 966-970.
  16. Asnakech, T. ; J. Derera ; J. Sibiya and F. Asnake (2016). Participatory assessment of production threats, farmers’ desired traits and selection criteria of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties: opportunities for faba bean breeding in Ethiopia. Indian Journal of Agriculture Research; 50(4): 295-302.
  17. Bakhiet, M.A. ; R.A.R. El-Said ; M.A. Raslan and N.G. Abdalla (2015). Ge‎net‎ic variability , herita‎bility and correlation in some faba bean genotypes under different sowing dates. World Applied Sciences Journal, 33(8): 1315-1324.
  18. Behailu, M.A. ; K. Dagne ; G.K. Wakayo ; S.A. Kemal and K.T. Muleta (2018). Ge‎net‎ic diversity study of Ethiopian Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties based on ph‎enotypic traits and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. African Journal of Biotechnology, 17(13): 433-446.
  19. Bishnoi, S.K. (2016). Ge‎net‎ic diversity in relation to heterosis and combining ability in faba bean (Vicia faba L.): Ph.D. thesis submitted to CCSH aryana Agricultural University, Hisar.
  20. Bishnoi, S.K. ; J.S. Hooda ; P. Sharma and P. Kumar (2018). Analysis of combining ability and inheritance of breeding parameters in yield component traits in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(2): 1085-1090.
  21. Bishnoi, S.K. ; J.S. Hooda ; I.S. and R. Panchta ( 2012). Adva‎nce s on heterosis and hybrid breeding in faba bean (Vicia Faba L.). Forage Research, 38(2): 65-73.
  22. Central Statistical Organization (2019). Secondary crop and vegetable production by governorates. Ministry of Planning - Iraq.
  23. Ejigu, E. ;M. Wassu and A. Berhanu (2016). Ge‎net‎ic variability, herita‎bility and exp‎ected ge‎net‎ic adva‎nce of yield and yield related traits in common bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Abaya and Yabello, Southern Ethiopia. African Journal of Biotechnology 17(31):973-980.
  24. El-Harty, E.H. ; M. Shaaban; M.M. Omran and S.B. Ragheb (2011). Heterosis and ge‎net‎ic analysis of yield and some characters in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Minina J. of Agric. Res. & Develop. 27(5): 897-913.
  25. Endalkachew, F. ; K. Kibebew ; M. Asmare and B. Bobe (2018). Yield of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) as affected by lime, mineral P, farmyard manure, compost and rhizobium in acid soil of lay gayint district, northwestern highlands of Ethiopia. Agriculture and Food Security, 7(16): 1-11.
  26. Fatih, E.A.H. ; G.E. Khalifa and A.A.S. Ahmed (2017). Assessment of genotypic and ph‎enotypic variability , herita‎bility and ge‎net‎ic adva‎nce for S.Y.and related agronomic traits in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes in the Northern State, Sudan. Net Journal of Agricultural Science, 5(2): 48-52.
  27. Fatih, E.A.H.(2020). Estimation of ge‎net‎ic variability,herita‎bility , ge‎net‎ic adva‎nce and correlation for Yield and some quantitative traits in irrigated Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes in Northern Sudan. Nile Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 5(1): 55-69.
  28. Fekadu, G. ; L. Ersulo ; A. Asrat ; A. Fitsum ; R. Yeyis and A. Daniel (2012). GGE-biplot Analysis of Grain Yield of Faba Bean Genotypes in Southern Ethiopia. Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 3 (3): 898-907.
  29. Fikreselassie, M. and A. Seboka (2012). Ge‎net‎ic variability of S.Y.and related traits of elite faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotype. Pakistan Journal Biological, Sciences, 15(8): 308-385.
  30. Gemechu, K. ; F. Asnake and E. Million (2016). Reflections on highland pulses improvement research in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1(16): 17-50.
  31. Gnanasambandam, A. ; J. Paull ; A. Torres ; S. Kaur ; T. Leonforte ; H.Li ; X. Zong ; T. Yang and M. Materne (2012). Impact of molecular technologies on faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) breeding strategies. Agronomy, 2: 132-166.
  32. Hamza, F.E.A (2017). Performance Assessment, Ge‎net‎ic Variability, Herita‎bility , Ge‎net‎ic Adva‎nce and Correlation Coefficient Analysis for Yield and Some Agro -Morphological Traits in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes in the Northern State, Sudan. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences , 6(11): 1206-1214.
  33. Haridy, A.G.H. and K.A. Amein (2011). The inheritance of some agronomical traits, protein content and seed beetle (Callosobrucus maculates Fab.) infestation in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(6):1215-1222.
  34. Hazem, A.O.A. ; E.M.M. Naheif, ; A.G. Ahmed and H.Z. Mohamed (2013).Heterosis and nature of gene action for yield and its components in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 5(3): 34-40.
  35. Ibrahim, H.M. (2010). Heterosis , combining ability and components of ge‎net‎ic variance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.), JKAU: Met.,&Arid Land Agric. Sci., 21(1): 35-50.
  36. Ismail, A.I. (2016). Ge‎net‎ic behavior of earliness and yield characters of some faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes. Ph. D. Thesis, Fac. of Agric., Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
  37. Johanson, H.W ; H.F. Robinson and R.E. Comstock (1955). Estimates of ge‎net‎ic and environmental variability in soya bean Agronomy Journal, 47: 318-324.
  38. Kumar, P. ; J.S. Hooda ; B.Singh ;P. Sharma and S.K. Bishnoi (2016). Ge‎net‎ic Diversity and Relationship Study in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes of Indian and Exotic Origin. The bioscan, 11(3): 2003-2006.
  39. Lush, J.L. (1943). Animals Breeding Plans. Iowa State Collage Press, Ames Iowa.
  40. Mesfin, T. (2019). Breeding achievements of faba bean (Vicia faba L). and its impact in the livelihood of Ethiopian farmers. International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences, 8(5): 263-269.
  41. Mesfin, T. (2020a). Impacts of soil acidity on growth performance of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and management options. Academic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Research, 8(4): 423- 431.
  42. Mesfin, T. (2020b). Impact assessment of abiotic production constrains of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) and breeding mechanisms for acid soil, drought and waterlogging affected environments. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 10(11): 49-56.
  43. Mesfin, T. ; M. Wassu and J. Mussa (2019). Ge‎net‎ic variability on grain yield and related agronomic traits of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes under soil acidity stress in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Chemical and Bio molecular Engineering, 4(4): 52-58
  44. Mourad, A.M.I. ; E.E. Mahdy ; B.R. Bakheit and A. Abo El-Wafa Ahmed (2011). Ge‎net‎ic analysis of yield traits in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Assiut J. of agric. Sci. 42(special issue) the 5th conference of young scientists Fac. of agric. Assiut university.
  45. Mulualem, T. ; T. Dessalegn and Y. Dessalegn (2013). Ge‎net‎ic variability, herita‎bility and correlation in some faba bean genotypes (Vicia faba L.) grown in Northwestern Ethiopia. International Journal Ge‎net‎ic s Molecular Biology, 5(1): 8-12.
  46. Noor, A.I. ; J.M.A. AL-Jubori and A.H. AL.Aassi (2019). Evaluation of combining ability for second fillial populations in the Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) depends on half diallel cross. Kirkuk University Journal /Scientific Studies (KUJSS), 14(4): 183-205.
  47. Praveen, K. ; S. BishnoiI and P. Kaushiki (2017). Ge‎net‎ic Variability , Herita‎bility and Ge‎net‎ic Adva‎nce for S.Y.and Other Agro-Morphological Traits in Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes of Different Origin. Trends in Biosciences,10(4):1246-1248..
  48. Raid, M.A.A. and J.M A. AL-Joboory (2017). Combining ability for quantitative traits in Faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Tikrit Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 17(4): 35-50.
  49. Sahoki, M.M. (1990).Yellow corn produced and improved. Higher Education Press Baghdad.
  50. Saleh, A.A. ; M. Moalla and N. Harba (2020). Heterosis and combining ability for some quantitative Traits in Faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Syrian Journal of Agricultural Research – SJAR, 7(5): 243-255.
  51. Sallam, A. ; R. Martsch and Y. Moursi (2015). Ge‎net‎ic varia‎nce in morphological traits associated with frost tolerance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Euphytica, 205: 395-408.
  52. Seif, M.G. and A.E. Mohamed (2018). Heterotic effect, combining ability and significance of synthetics over line cultivars in Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grown under semi-arid zones. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 9: 2684-2695.
  53. Sharifi, P. (2015). Ge‎net‎ic varia‎nce for S.Y.and some of agro-morphological traits in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes. Acta Agricultural Slov., 105(1): 73-83.
  54. Sheelamary, S. and S. Shivani (2015). Ge‎net‎ic variability, herita‎bility and correlation of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grown in New Delhi. International Journal of Adva‎nce d Technology in Engineering and Science, 3(1): 48-51.
  55. Singh, R.K. and B.D. Chaudhary (1985). Biometrical Methods in Quantitative Ge‎net‎ic Analysis. Kalyani Publishers. New Delhi., India.
  56. Soad, A.M. ; A.M. Abd EL-Mageed and E.S. Ibrahim (2018). Combining ability, herita‎bility and heterosis estimates in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) under two water regimes. Egyptian Journal Agronomy, 40(3): 261-284.
  57. Sprague, G.F. and L.A. Tatum (1942). Genral versus specific combining ability in single crosses of corn. J. Amer. Soc. Agron., 34: 923-932.
  58. Tewodros, T. ; A. Asfaw ; T. Getachew ; M. Kibersew and S. Samuel (2015). Evaluation of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties against chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) in North Gondar, Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(30): 2984-2988.
  59. Zeinab, E.G. and A.G. Helal (2014). Heterosis and combining ability in diallel cross of eight Faba bean Genotypes. Asian Journal of Crop Science, 1: 66-76.