Document Type : Articles
Authors
1 General Directorate of Education in Kirkuk Governorate, Ministry of Education
2 Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University
Abstract
The study was conducted during the two growing seasons (2019 and 2020) on grape vines in the Lubnanian Halawani and Kamali varieties in the orchard of grapes cultivated in 2016 inthe Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design - College of Agriculture- University of Tikrit,. An experiment was including three factors, the first was considering the varieties (Halawani and Kamali), and the second factor was the addition of Agricultural Sulfur (S )to the soil, at three levels, S0 (no sulfur added), S1 (250 g. Grapevine-1), S2 (500 gm. Grapevine-1). The third factor was spraying the leaves withSuper Docson nutrient at three different concentrations: P0 (spraying with distilled water), P1 (spraying with the Super Docson nutrient with three concentrations: P0 (spraying with distilled water), P1 (at a concentration of 1.2 ml. L-1 water), and P2 (at a concentration of 2.4 ml. L-1 water), and the Super Docson nutrient sprays which contains the diffuser (Tween 20) was applied in early morning and until complete wetness A factorial experiment was carried out with the split plot system according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), where the varieties took the main plates, while the sulfur and nutrient treatments and their interactions were randomly distributed on the sub plot by three replications and the results showed: The Halawani variety superiority in most of the studied traits at the level (250 g. Vine-1) and the concentration (1.2 ml. L-1), except for the concentration of the element phosphorus in the leaves, where the Kamali variety was superior in this characteristic as perfection at the same level and concentration. The double interaction between sulfur and nutrient exceeded the level (250 g. Vine-1) and the concentration (1.2 ml. L-1) in most of the studied traits and for both seasons. As for the triple interaction between the variety, sulfur and nutrient, the Halawani variety was superior at the level (250 g. Vine-1) and concentration (1.2 ml. L-1) in most of the studied traits for both seasons.
Keywords
- Al-Atrushi, S. M. M (2009). The effect of number of eyes and spraying with potassium and copper on vegetative growth, yield and quality of grapes vitis vinifera L. cultivate zirk under dry conditions. PhD thesis. College of Agriculture, University of Mosul. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. The Republic of Iraq.
- Al-Bayati, A. H. I (2006). The effect of the interaction between compaction and addition of agricultural sulfur on the availability and absorption of some nutrients and the growth of the maize plant. Al-Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4 (1): 1-8.
- Jawad, K. S, M. A. Hamza, and H. K. Alloush (1988). Soil fertility and fertilization. Foundation of Technical Institutes. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research - Baghdad.
- Al-Hwaizi, S. M. N (2008). The effect of shortening the branches and spraying with manganese sulfate on the growth and yield of five varieties of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). PhD thesis. College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Iraq.
- Al-Douri, M.F. L (2014). The effect of pruning levels in improving production and quality of some grape varieties. PhD thesis. College of Agriculture and Forestry. University of Al Mosul. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Iraq.
- Al-Rawi, K. M and A. K. Allah (2000). Design and analysis of agricultural experiments. Second edition, University of Mosul. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. Iraq.
- Al-Saeedi, I. H. M (2000). Grape production. Dar alketab for Printing and Publishing. University of Al Mosul. Iraq.
- Al-Naimi, S. A. N. A (1999). Fertilizers and soil fertility. University of Al Mosul,
- Atewi, A. A. and H. A. Ahmed (2007). The effect of iron addition on the chemical equilibrium state of iron compounds in the soil. Technical Journal, 22 (1): 152-164.
- Hadi, A. A.-K. and T. H. Khalil (2015). The effect of organic fertilization and foliar nutrition on some vegetative growth and specific characteristics of the grape variety Vitis Vinifera L. Karbala Scientific University Journal 5 (3): 11-13.
- Allen, V.B. and P. David (2006). Hand book of plant nutrition –Taylor and Franncis grope.PP.123-128.
- Botta, R., R. ME, G. Vallania, A. Luzzati and N. Siragusa (1995).Investigation on factors affecting early dropping in Dolcetto (Vitis vinifera L.). Acta Horticulturae, 379:97-104.
- Champagnol, F. (1978). Quelques problemes des vignobles des sables littoraux mediter-raneens, Progr. Agric Vitic., 23: 677-686, 24: 698-711.
- Coccotti, S.P (1996). Fertilizer Research. 43: 117-125. (geted from Zhao, F.Y., P.Y.A. Withers, E.J. Evans, J. Monaghan, S.E. Salmon, P.R. Shewry and S.P.
- Dawood, F.A and H.S. Rahi and K.B. Hummudi and M.H.M. Jammel (1992). Sulphur and organic matter relationship and their effect on the availability of some micronutrient and wheat yield in calcareous soil. proc. Middle East sulphur Symposium, 12-16 February, Cairo-Egypt.
- Delcroix, R (1979). La Fertilissation azote at La Vigne vititeehnique 24:6-7.
- Fismes, W. P, C. V and, G. Armand (1997). Nitrogen and Sulphur nutrition of soil seed rape and crop quality. Plant Nutrition for sustainable food production and Environments.Tokyo, Japan.
- Garcia, E., L. Birkett, T. Bradshaw, C. Benedict and M. Eddy (2004). Cold climate grape production. grape Newsletter Univ. Vermont Exp.P.1- 16.
- Krishnamoorthy, H.N (1981). Plant growth substances including applications in agriculture. Tata McGraw Hill publishing company limited, New Delhi. Pp: 214.
- Pawel, W. (2004). Uptake of mineral nutrients from foliar fertilization. (Review) J. of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research. 12 special ed.
- Pepper, I. L., and R. H Miller (1978). Comparison of the oxidation of thiosulfate and elemental sulfur by two heterotrophic bacteria and Thiobacillus thiooxidans. Soil Science, 126(1), 9-14.
- Ribereau – Gayon,J and E. Peynaud. (1971). Sciences et technique do la b Vigne. 2 Tomes Ed. Duuod, Paris, France.
- Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger (2006). Plant Physiology. 4th ed, Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers Sunderland, Massachusetts - AHS. U.S.A.
- Tandon, H.L.S. (1991). Secondary and micronutrients in Agriculture fertilizer development and consultation organization. New Delhi. India.
- Paparozzi, E.T. and H.B Tukey. (1979). Foliar uptake of nutrients by selected ornamental plant. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 104 (6), 846-849.
- Zhao, F.Y., P.Y.A. Withers, E.J. Evans, J. Monaghan, S.E. Salmon, P.R. Shewry and S.P. McCrath (1997). Sulphus nutrition: An important factor for the quality of wheat and rapeseed. Plant Nutrition for sustainable food production and Environment. 917-
- , Tokyo , Japan.
)